In order to make better use of the vast sugarcane leaf straw resources and reduce the overuse of chemical fertilizers in the subtropical red soil region of Guangxi, this study aimed to determine the effects of sugarcane leaf return (SLR) and fertilizer reduction (FR) on maize growth, yield component and yield, and soil properties. A pot experiment with three SLR amounts (full SLR (FS), 120 g/pot; half SLR (HS), 60 g/pot; and no SLR (NS) with three FR levels including full fertilizer (FF), 4.50 g N/pot, 3.00 g P2O5/pot, and 4.50 g K2O/pot; half fertilizer (HF), 2.25 g N/pot, 1.50 g P2O5/pot, and 2.25 g K2O/pot; and no fertilizer (NF)), without nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium added, was conducted to assess the effects of different SLR amounts and chemical FR levels on maize growth, yield, and soil properties. Compared with no sugarcane leaf return and the no-fertilizer treatment (CK), SLR and FR could increase maize plant height, stalk diameter, number of fully developed maize plant leaves, total leaf area and chlorophyll content, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), soil organic matter (SOM), and electrical conductivity (EC). The maize yield component factors of FS and HS were higher in NF treatment than those in NS treatment. The relative increase rate of treatments retained FF/NF and HF/NF under FS or HS condition on 1000 kernel weight, ear diameter, plant air-dried weight, ear height, and yield than that under NS condition. FSHF had not only the largest plant air-dried weight but also the highest maize yield (3225.08 kg/hm(2)) among nine treatment combinations. The effects of SLR on maize growth and yield and soil properties were lower than those of FR. SLR and FR combined treatment did not affect maize growth but affected maize yield significantly. Soil properties improved more with SLR + FR treatment than with SLR or FR application alone. The plant height, stalk diameter, number of fully developed maize plant leaves, and total leaf area, as well as AN, AP, AK, SOM, and EC levels in soil, were enhanced by SLR and FR incorporation. The experimental results indicated that applying reasonable FR combined with SLR increased AN, AP, AK, SOM, and EC, which improved maize growth and yield and enhanced soil properties in red soil. Hence, FSHF might be a suitable combination of SLR and FR.